Urlbst

A script to add a webpage BibTeX entry type, and add support for general url and lastchecked fields, to (most) BibTeX .bst files. Optionally adds basic support for eprint, doi and pubmed fields, and hypertex/hyperref support.

The Persistent URL for this page is https://purl.org/nxg/dist/urlbst – please quote this rather than the URL it redirects to. It is on CTAN at https://ctan.org/pkg/urlbst. The code (and bugparade) is online.

Version 0.9.1, 2023 January 30.

Contents

The standard BibTeX styles have no explicit support for the web, in that they include no `webpage' type, and have no support for adding URLs to references. There are rumours that such support might appear in BibTeX 1.0, but there is no estimate of when that is likely to arrive.

The Perl script urlbst can be used to add this support to an arbitrary .bst file which has a reasonably `conventional' structure. The result is meant to be robust rather than pretty.

It has a different goal from Patrick Daly's `custom-bib' package -- that is intended to create a BibTeX style .bst file from scratch, and supports `url' and `eprint' fields. This package, on the other hand, is intended for the case where you already have a style file that works (or at least, which you cannot or will not change), and edits it to add the new webpage entry type, plus the url, lastchecked and eprint fields. Fuller details are in the manual.

Usage

urlbst [--literal key=value] [--setting key=value]
           [input-file [output-file]]

If either the input-file or the output-file is omitted, they default to stdin and stdout respectively. If the input file already has a URL entry type, then the script objects. By default (in the current version), the output includes support for eprint, doi and pubmed.

The support in the generated .bst file can be adjusted with the options --setting and --literal; see --setting help and --literal help for the available switches. The options --[no]eprint, --[no]doi, --[no]pubmed, --inlinelinks, --nohyperlinks, --hypertex and --hyperref are shortcuts for some of these settings.

The added fields are:

If setting hrefform is 1 or 2, then the generated .bst file includes support for hyperlinks in the generated eprint entries in the bibliography, with the format being either HyperTeX (see arXiv, again), supported by xdvi, dvips and others, or using the support available from the hyperref package. When URLs are included in the bibliography, they are written out using the \url{...} command, and hyperref automatically processes that in the correct way to include a hyperlink.

The setting inlinelinks (option --inlinelinks) tells urlbst not to write out the URL as text within the bibliography entry. Instead, urlbst will produce a more conventional-looking and compact bibliography entry, but the entry's title will now be a hyperlink to that URL. This hyperlink may be useful to anyone who reads your document online (this option can only be used with hrefform 1 or 2. Any DOI or eprint text which would be produced as a result of the appropriate option will still appear in this mode.

You may adjust various literal strings, either for the purposes of internationalisation, or simply because you prefer different text. To do this, give the --literal option, followed by a key=value pair, for example --literal online="on th'intert00bs", to replace the default URL: text. The possible values, and their defaults, are below (say --literal help to get this list printed out):

literaldescriptiondefault
urlintroprefix before URL; typically "Available from:" or "URL:"URL:
pubmedprefixtext prefix printed before PUBMED refPMID:
pubmedurlprefix to make URL from PUBMEDhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/
eprintprefixtext prefix printed before eprint refarXiv:
linktextstringanonymous link text[link]
citedstringlabel that something is cited by something elsecited
eprinturlprefix to make URL from eprint refhttp://arxiv.org/abs/
doiurlprefix to make URL from DOIhttps://doi.org/
doiprefixprinted text to introduce DOIdoi:
onlinestringlabel that a resource is onlineonline

The list of settings (--setting help) is:

settingdescriptiondefault
inlinelinks0=URLs explicit; 1=URLs attached to titles0
addpubmed0=no PUBMED resolver; 1=include it1
addeprints0=no eprints; 1=include eprints1
hrefform0=no crossrefs; 1=hypertex xrefs; 2=hyperref refs0
adddoi0=no DOI resolver; 1=include it1
doiform0=with href; 1=with \doi{}0

The distribution includes preconverted versions of the four standard BibTeX .bst style files.

Only the style files which result from conversion of the standard styles are checked in the regression tests. Other style files which are known to work include

acm.bst, amsalpha.bst, amsplain.bst, apalike.bst, gerabbrv.bst, geralpha.bst, gerapali.bst, gerplain.bst, gerunsrt.bst, ieeetr.bst, siam.bst, mla.bst

Style files which are known to fail:

This might be a good time for me to revisit the rather convoluted logic within the script, to make it a little more robust in the face of variants like these, but don't hold your breath. The logic within the script is pretty hideous (it essentially works by spotting patterns in the input style file, and replacing or extending bits of BibTeX style-file code. This is a fragile technique, and is probably at the limits of its usefulness, therefore I'd take some persuading to add significant extra functionality to the script.

The natbib and revtex style files already have URL fields. If you have a BibTeX style file which you think ought to work, but with which the script fails, send it to me, and I'll try to work out what I've missed (no promises, though).

Note that the command to invoke the script changed from `urlbst.pl' to plain `urlbst' between versions 0.3 and 0.4.

For example...

To add URL support to the standard siam.bst file, you can give the command

% urlbst /path/to/original/siam.bst siamurl.bst

Your TeX installation will likely have some way of helping you find where the original .bst files are. On teTeX-based systems, for example, the command kpsewhich siam.bst returns the full path of the siam.bst file which BibTeX would find.

The distributed files abbrvurl.bst, alphaurl.bst, plainurl.bst and unsrturl.bst are versions of the standard style files which have been pre-converted.

There is more general discussion of including URLs in bibliographies in the TeX FAQ.

Download and installation

Download the file as a tarball or zip file and unpack it. Or you can clone the source repository online.

To install, you should simply copy the distributed urlbst script to someplace on the path (such as /usr/local/bin, or ~/local/bin, depending on your privileges and tastes).

If you (might) want to use the pre-converted standard .bst files, then you'll need to copy these to somewhere in the BibTeX search path. Type kpsepath bst on Unix to find out the list of places BibTeX searches, and pick either one of the user-local locations, or a system-wide one. If you're installing in a system-wide location, you'll need admin privileges, obviously, and you will probably need to use texhash, mktexlsr or its equivalent, to update LaTeX's filename cache. For further hints here, see the TeX FAQ entries on installing a package and where LaTeX puts files.

That should be all you have to do.

The urlbst script is distributed with a path which should just work, as long as the Perl binary is in your path, but if you have problems here, then you might want to change the first line to something like

#! /usr/local/bin/perl

if that's where your Perl binary is.

You can also use the conventional ./configure; make; make install to configure and install the package (as root, or using sudo if you're installing it in a system location), though you still have to install the .bst files by hand. This is rather heavyweight for the trivial amount of configuration required, so it's almost always simpler just to do things by hand.

If you need to change some of the urlbst defaults, however, or if your fingers type ./configure spontaneously, then you can be reassured that the configure script supports the standard --prefix option, plus the following options setting defaults:

--with-eprints=url, --without-eprints
This makes the --eprints option to urlbst available by default, and allows you to optionally specify a prefix for creating URLs from eprint numbers. The default for this URL is http://arxiv.org/abs/ -- this is appropriate for arXiv, obviously, but there are now a variety of other preprint archives appearing, for which this might be inappropriate. If you have comments on this default, or alternatives, please let me know. This option is enabled by default; if you have some reason for disabling the --eprints option for urlbst, the give the configure option --without-eprints
--with-doi=url, --without-doi
This makes available the --doi option to urlbst and, as with the --with-eprints option, allows you to customise the DOI resolver URL. The --doi option to urlbst is on by default.
--with-href=0/1/2
This allows you to specify the type of hyperlinks which are inserted in the bibliography. Values 0, 1 and 2, indicating no hyperlinks, hypertex-style links, and hyperref-style links, respectively. The default is --with-href=0. The hyperref-style option is intended to complement the increasingly standard hyperref package.

The first two options simply change defaults, and if you never use the new eprints or doi fields, then the defaults don't matter to you.

Since the modified style generates URLs wrapped in the \url{} macro, it is useful to use the resulting bibliography style alongside the url package. Since this tends to work with hyperref anyway, where possible, you don't get any extra goodness by changing the --with-href default at configuration time.

Documentation

Basic documentation is in the file urlbst.tex. This is distributed as a PDF file, but if you want to regenerate it, use

% latex urlbst
% bibtex urlbst
% latex urlbst
% latex urlbst

Licences

The copyright and licence position for the modified .bst files seems slightly muddy to me. On the grounds that any licence is better than no licence, I therefore assert that the modifications which the urlbst program makes to these files are copyright 2002–23, Norman Gray, and that these modifications are available for distribution under the terms of the LaTeX Project Public Licence.

The original .bst files are copyright Howard Trickey and Oren Patashnik, with a set of permissions, in text at the top of the files, which state that "Unlimited copying and redistribution of this file are permitted as long as it is unmodified" (see the files for the complete text). The distribution terms above therefore appear to be compatible with -- in the sense of being morally equivalent to -- these terms in the .bst file. If anyone disagrees with the logic here, I'd be very happy to discuss that.

The urlbst script itself is distributed under the GPL, version 2.0.

See the files LICENCE-lppl.txt and LICENCE-gpl-2.0.txt in the distribution, for the relevant licence text.

Further Information and acknowledgements

urlbst is archived on CTAN, and discussed in the TeX FAQ.

The source code for the package is maintained online.

The home page of urlbst might possibly have more recent versions than the one you're looking at now.

Acknowledgements, and release notes

Thanks are due to many people for suggestions and requests: to Jason Eisner for suggesting the --inlinelinks option; to ‘ijvm’ for code contributions in the urlbst script; to Paweł Widera for the suggestion to use \path when formatting DOIs; to Michael Giffin for the suggestion to include PubMed URLs; to Katrin Leinweber for the pull request which fixed the format of DOI references.

0.9.1, 2023 January 30
Added code to spot and wrangle the https://doi.org/ URL prefix – the code now behaves correctly whether this is present or not.
0.9, 2022 December 1
  • Changed repository location to heptapod (when Bitbucket dropped support for Mercurial). The issue links below, pointing to Bitbucket, will therefore no longer work.
  • Refactoring of the mechanism for configuring the generated .bst file, specifically adding the --setting option.
  • Added the doiform setting to generate DOIs wrapped in \doi{...}.
0.8, 2019 July 1
  • The presence of a preexisting format.doi, format.eprint or format.pubmed function is now detected, and warned about. The resulting .bst file might still require some manual editing. Resolves issue 8.
  • Clarified licences (I hope).
  • Adjust format of DOI resolver. Resolves issue 11, thanks to code contributed by Katrin Leinweber.
0.7, 2011 July 20
Add --nodoi, --noeprints and --nopubmed options (which defaulted on, and couldn't otherwise be turned off)
0.7b1, 2011 March 17
Allow parameterisation of literal strings, with option --literal.
0.6-5, 2011 March 8
Adjust support for inline links (should now work for arXiv, DOI and Pubmed)
0.6-4, 2009 April 28
Work around BibTeX linebreaking bug (thanks to Andras Salamon for the bug report).
0.6-3, 2009 April 19
Fix inline link generation (thanks to Eric Chamberland for the bug report).
0.6-2, 2008 November 17
We now turn on inlinelinks when we spot format.vol.num.pages, which means we include links for those styles which don't include a title in the citation (common for articles in physical science styles, such as aip.sty).
0.6-1, 2008 June 16
Fixed some broken links to the various citation standards (I think in this context this should probably not be happening, yes?). The distributed *url.bst no longer have the --inlinelinks option turned on by default.
0.6, 2007 March 26
  • Added the option --inlinelinks, which adds inline hyperlinks to any bibliography entries which have URLs, but does so inline, rather than printing the URL explicitly in the bibliography. This is (primarily) useful if you're preparing a version of a document which will be read on-screen. Thanks to Jason Eisner for the suggestion, and much testing.
  • Incorporate hyperref bugfixes from PaweÅ‚ Widera.
  • Further reworkings of the inlinelinks support, so that it's now fired by a format.title (or format.btitle) line, with a fallback in fin.entry. This should be more robust, and allows me to delete some of the previous version's gymnastics.
  • Reworked inlinelinks support; should now be more robust. Incorporate hyperref bugfixes from PaweÅ‚ Widera.
  • Added the option inlinelinks, which adds inline hyperlinks to any bibliography entries which have URLs, but does so inline, rather than printing the URL explicitly in the bibliography. This is (only) useful if you're preparing a version of a document which will be read on-screen.
0.5.2, 2006 September 6
Another set of documentation-only changes, hopefully clarifying installation.
0.5.1, 2006 January 10
No functionality changes. Documentation and webpage changes only, hopefully clarifying usage and configuration
0.5, 2005 June 3
Added support for Digital Object Identifiers (DOI) fields in bibliographies.
0.4-1, 2005 April 12
Documentation improvements -- there are now examples in the help text!
0.4, 2004 December 1
Bug fixes: now compatible with mla.bst and friends. Now uses ./configure (optionally). Assorted reorganisation.
0.3, 2003 June 4
Added --eprint, --hypertex and --hyperref options.
0.2, 2002 October 23
The `editor' field is now supported in the webpage entry type. Basic documentation added.
0.1, 2002 April
Initial version

Copyright 2002–23, Norman Gray. Released under the terms of the GNU General Public Licence.

Norman Gray
2023 January 30